The NF-κB factor Relish is essential for the epithelial defenses protecting against δ-endotoxin dependent effects of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis infection in the Drosophila model.  Mouawad C, Kallassy Awad M, Liegeois S, Ferrandon D, Sanchis-Borja V and El Chamy L. Research in microbiology.2023

The PP4 phosphatase negatively regulates the IMD-NF-kB pathway during the Drosophila immune response.Salem Wehbeh L, Barakat D, Acker A, El Khoury R, Reichhart JM, Matt N and El Chamy L. J. Immunology. 2021

The fliK Gene Is Required for the Resistance of Bacillus thuringiensis to Antimicrobial Peptides and Virulence in Drosophila melanogaster. Attieh Z, Mouawad C, Rejasse A, Jehanno I, Perchat S, Hegna IK, Økstad OA, Kallassy Awad M, Sanchis-Borja V and El Chamy L. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020 Dec 1

DltX of Bacillus thuringiensis is essential for D-alanylation of teichoic acids and for resistance to the humoral antimicrobial responses in insects.

Kamar R, Réjasse A, Jéhanno I, Attieh Z, Courtin P, Chapot-Chartier MP, Nielsen-Leroux C, Lereclus D, El Chamy L, Kallassy M and Sanchis-Borja V. Front Microbiol. 2017 Aug 3;8:1437

Advances in Myeloid-Like Cell Origins and Functions in the Model Organism Drosophila melanogaster. El Chamy L, Matt N and Reichhart JM. Microbiol Spectr. 2017. Jan; 5 (1).

The multilayered innate immune defense of the gut. El Chamy L, Matt N, Ntwasa M and Reichhart JM. Biomed J 2015; 38:276-284

Invertebrate Innate Immune Defenses.

El Chamy L, Hetru C and Hoffmann JA. Chapter one of “The immune response to infection”, edited by Stefan H.E. Kaufmann, Barry T. Rouse and David L. Sacks. ASM press- Washington DC. Copyright 2011.

Sensing of danger signals and pathogen-associated molecular patterns defines binary signaling pathways upstream of Toll. El Chamy L, Leclerc V, Caldelari Iand Reichhart JM. Nat Immunol. 2008 Oct ;9(10) :1165-1170.

Akirins, highly conserved nuclear proteins, required for NF-κB dependent gene expression in Drosophila and mice.Goto A, Matsushita K, Gesellchen V, El Chamy L, Kuttenkeuler D, Takeuchi O, Hoffmann JA, Akira S, Boutros M & Reichhart JM. Nat Immunol. 2008 Feb;9(2):216.